ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα:
ἐγὼ δ᾽ οὖν καὶ αὐτὸς ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν ὀλίγου ἐμαυτοῦ ἐπελαθόμην, οὕτω πιθανῶς ἔλεγον.
καίτοι ἀληθές γε ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν οὐδὲν εἰρήκασιν. μάλιστα δὲ αὐτῶν ἓν ἐθαύμασα τῶν
πολλῶν ὧν ἐψεύσαντο, τοῦτο ἐν ᾧ ἔλεγον ὡς χρῆν ὑμᾶς εὐλαβεῖσθαι μὴ ὑπ᾽ ἐμοῦ ἐξαπατηθῆτε
ὡς δεινοῦ ὄντος λέγειν. τὸ γὰρ μὴ αἰσχυνθῆναι ὅτι αὐτίκα ὑπ᾽ ἐμοῦ ἐξελεγχθήσονται ἔργῳ,
ἐπειδὰν μηδ᾽ ὁπωστιοῦν φαίνωμαι δεινὸς λέγειν, τοῦτό μοι ἔδοξεν αὐτῶν ἀναισχυντότατον εἶναι,
εἰ μὴ ἄρα δεινὸν καλοῦσιν οὗτοι λέγειν τὸν τἀληθῆ λέγοντα: εἰ μὲν γὰρ τοῦτο λέγουσιν, ὁμολογοίην
ἂν ἔγωγε οὐ κατὰ τούτους εἶναι ῥήτωρ.
οὗτοι μὲν οὖν, ὥσπερ ἐγὼ λέγω, ἤ τι ἢ οὐδὲν ἀληθὲς εἰρήκασιν,
ὑμεῖς δέ μου ἀκούσεσθε πᾶσαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν—οὐ μέντοι μὰ Δία, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, κεκαλλιεπημένους γε
λόγους, ὥσπερ οἱ τούτων, ῥήμασί τε καὶ ὀνόμασιν οὐδὲ κεκοσμημένους, ἀλλ᾽ ἀκούσεσθε εἰκῇ λεγόμενα
τοῖς ἐπιτυχοῦσιν ὀνόμασιν—πιστεύω γὰρ δίκαια εἶναι ἃ λέγω—καὶ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν προσδοκησάτω ἄλλως:
οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν δήπου πρέποι, ὦ ἄνδρες, τῇδε τῇ ἡλικίᾳ ὥσπερ μειρακίῳ πλάττοντι λόγους εἰς ὑμᾶς εἰσιέναι.
καὶ μέντοι καὶ πάνυ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τοῦτο ὑμῶν δέομαι καὶ παρίεμαι: ἐὰν διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν λόγων
ἀκούητέ μου ἀπολογουμένου δι᾽ ὧνπερ εἴωθα λέγειν καὶ ἐν ἀγορᾷ ἐπὶ τῶν τραπεζῶν, ἵνα ὑμῶν πολλοὶ
ἀκηκόασι, καὶ ἄλλοθι, μήτε θαυμάζειν μήτε θορυβεῖν τούτου ἕνεκα. ἔχει γὰρ οὑτωσί. νῦν ἐγὼ πρῶτον
ἐπὶ δικαστήριον ἀναβέβηκα, ἔτη γεγονὼς ἑβδομήκοντα: ἀτεχνῶς οὖν ξένως ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως.
|
ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι: Socrates is not using the traditional form ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί
when addressing the jurors and he does not do so, until he is found guilty. It is perhaps reflective of
Socrates' desire to defend himself as if he were in the agora, before his fellow citizens, rather than in the
court house But then again, as is made clear in the Crito, Socrates does not believe the laws are just but rather
the act of disobeying is the harmful to the individual.
κατήγορος: an accuser
ὀλίγου = ὀλίγου δεῖν: to lack a little, i.e. almost
ἐπιλήθω (also the form ἐπιλανθάνομαι): Mid: to let a thing escape one, to forget, lose thought of, c. gen
ὡς εἰπεῖν ἔπος: limits a generalization, i.e. "in a word"
εὐλαβέομαι: to be discreet, cautious, beware, plus μή or ὅπως μή with subjunctive.
εὐλαβεῖσθαι: present deponent infinitive in accusative and infinitive
ἐξαπατάω: deceive utterly.
ὡς δεινοῦ ὄντος λέγειν: the ὡς indicates that the reason is offered by the accusers and not
believed by Socrates. The genitive is in apposition to ὑπ᾽ ἐμοῦ. This is where Attic Greek is
delicate and difficult.
ἐξελέγχω: to convict, confute, refute
ὁπωσοῦν: conj. in any way whatever, in some way or other.
ἀληθής: true. This Greek word for truth literally means a 'not forgetting'. Lethe, for example, is the
River of Forgetfulness in Hades, which when drunk caused the dead to forget their memories. And this
original meaning of 'truth' is hinted at earlier when Socrates claimed that he was forgetting who he
was at the hands of his accusers.
παρίημι: let go, pass by, yield, give up. Med. beg to be excused or let off something.
ἀτεχνῶς οὖν ξένως ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως: a very clever sentence since it invokes guest hospitality
|
[ My translation of the Attic Greek, i.e. do not trust it! ]
Men of Athens, how you have been influenced by my accusers, I do not know.
So persuasively did they speak, I even almost forgot who I was . Yet, in a word, nothing
they said was true. And out of all the many things that they lied about,
it this one thing that has astonished me the most, when they said you must be careful not to be
deceived by me, since, according to them at least, I am clever at speaking. That they are not
ashamed that they will be immediately refuted, when I do not appear to be speaking cleverly,
this to me is the most shameful claim of all, unless of course they call some one clever at
speaking, some one who speaks the truth. If they mean this, I would agree that I am not
a rhetor like them.
My accusers then, as I am claiming, have said little or nothing that is true. But from me you will hear
the complete truth, not, however by Zeus, in their ornate language, decorated with phrases
and expressions, but instead you will hear me speaking extemporaneously finding expressions as I
chance upon them -- for I believe what I say is right -- and let none of you expect otherwise. For it
would not be fitting for someone of my age to come before you weaving speeches as if he were a
teenager. And in particular, men of Athens, I beg and implore from you this: if you hear me defending
myself with those same arguments that I am accustomed to use at the Agora's trading tables and elsewhere, where many
of you have heard me, do not be surprised and do not make an uproar on this account. For this is
how it is: At the age of 70, I have now for the first time come to this court and I am simply a stranger to
this way of speaking here.
|